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Tuesday 12 October 2004 The Chrysanthemum Throne - Part IV: The Princess and the "Grey Men"Click here for Part I Life changed almost overnight for Masako took to heart the Princes pledge
to protect her "forever with all his might" and thought his protection would let
her become a sort of "royal envoy." She thought shed be
permitted to travel abroad to promote international goodwill and improve ties between Unfortunately, nothing could have been further
from the IHAs plans and expectations for her. Leaks from the palace revealed that
the IHA had rebuked her for expressing her opinions and for even having the
temerity to walk in front of the prince on one early official engagement. http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/international.cfm?id=553232004 In another telling tale, at an official dinner she was seated
between then-presidents Bill Clinton and Boris Yeltsin and chatted in fluent English and
Russian with both. (Lesley Downer, The Tale of Masako, excerpted at http://www.ghatravel.com/html/masako.html)
Instead of seeing her as brilliant, she got in trouble for her indiscretion.
Id. According to one royal watcher, "[t]he Royal Family are not ambassadors. She
doesn't need to be able to speak English, she has interpreters for that. Her job is to
smile." Id. Her job was also to breed. Preferably profusely
and preferably just boys. Since 1965, every child born into the Imperial Family has been a
girl. And only a boy may inherit the throne. In the old days, Thus, under the terms set forth in Article 3, only Emperor Akihito's
two sons 44-year-old Naruhito and his brother, Prince Akishino, 38 are in
line to succeed before the throne reverts to an elderly uncle and cousins who are likely
to die before the two princes. Even without the problem of their age, for
the succession to move sideways, for either of these to become emperor, would be
unthinkable to the Japanese people. It would spark a major succession crisis and
might even bring about the end of the imperial dynasty. If Masakos job was to produce a male heir, then, by
the IHAs standards, she wasnt doing it very well. She didnt become
pregnant once throughout the first 6 years of her marriage. Her difficulties must have
been difficult enough to bear on an emotional and personal level but the humiliation she
suffered at the hands of those around her must have made things unbearable: According to well-placed palace insiders, every month since her marriage
the princess has been summoned to the imperial presence. Using the politest and most
formal of language, the emperor enquires as to whether she has had a period that
month. Each time she has had to lower her head in shame and confess that, sadly, she
has failed yet again to conceive a child. They also point out that she has effectively
been grounded until she does her duty and produces an heir.
Finally, in December 1999, the Palace announced with much relief that
Masako had become pregnant. Unfortunately, a
few weeks into her pregnancy, Masako suffered a miscarriage. Soon after that, Masako
reportedly began fertility treatments. She
became pregnant and, in 2001, gave birth to Princess Aiko. Japan went wild; the IHA did not. Quite simply, Aiko was not a boy. So, the pressure grew on Crown Princess Masako to have another child. However, the prospects did not look good. Masako was almost 40, an age when it becomes much harder for a woman to become pregnant. She also had a past miscarriage in her history and 11 years of marriage had yielded only one child. The IHA didnt care; it wanted Masako to keep trying for a boy and it wanted her to do so at once. In 2003, the head of the Agency, Toshio Yuasa, turned up the pressure by announcing his views publicly: Frankly speaking, as grand steward of the Imperial Household, I want them to have another child.'' However, Yuasa was not resting all his hopes on Masako. In December 2003, he went so far as to state the Crown Prince's younger brother, Fumihito, and his wife, Kiko, should try to have a son, in addition to the two daughters they already have. http://babyurl.com/1sV449 Prince Fumihito treated this arrogant demand with all the respect it deserved; he ignored it. Unfortunately, it was the last straw for Masako. Just a few weeks later, she broke out with shingles, an agonizing ailment where the nerves become infected and large blister-like eruptions explode all over the skin. The condition is brought on by stress. Crown Princess Masako had to be hospitalized for a month and, upon her release, announced that she was giving up all public duties due to accumulated exhaustion, mental and physical. With that, she vanished from the public eye. For the next five months, there was little news
about the Princess. Then, on The Crown Prince opened the press conference by
saying that Princess Masako was not going to accompany him on his trip as intended; then,
he went on the attack. His face flushed with anger and his facial muscles tightly
clenched, the normally circumspect Prince said that Princess Masako had become ill
and that shed completely exhausted herself" in trying to adapt to life in
the imperial family. He added that Masako had hoped to use her experience as a diplomat to
promote exchanges with other royal families but that the royal couple had not been allowed
to travel overseas for several years after their marriage. He went on to say that there
were moves to deny Masako her career as a diplomat and her personality. He concluded by
saying that he felt as though he were wrenching himself
away as he departed and that he hoped from his heart that she would be able to
join him on future trips. By Western standards, the Crown Princes comments may have
seemed mild, if not insignificant; by Japanese standards, however, they were hugely
significant. Id even go so far as to say that it was, to the Japanese, what
Dianas Panorama interview was to the British: a shocking bombshell. In fact, a former chamberlain to the Crown Prince
described the remarks as the equivalent to a declaration of war. There are several reasons why Prince Naruhitos comments caused
such furor. The most obvious reason is that the Prince seemed to be
attacking the oppressive and powerful Imperial Household Agency (IHA). The IHA has sole responsibility for determining
the number of trips which Japanese royals may take, domestically or abroad. Since their marriage in 1993, the IHA has permitted
the Crown Prince and Princess to travel overseas only five times, a sharp contrast to the 17
trips undertaken by Prince Fumihito and Princess Kiko, or Princess Sayako's 10 during the
same period. http://babyurl.com/JExTfG
Thus, the Princes statement about overseas trips was merely an indirect way of
pointing to the IHA, without actually naming names. The
issue of trips was also a way of symbolizing the overall restraints placed on Masako by
the Agency, restraints which had turned her into a virtual prisoner within the palace
walls. Another reason why the Princes statements were so significant
is because they broke every rule established by the IHA or inherent in Japanese culture. Lets take the IHA first. As shown in Part I, the IHA has strict, rigid rules
regarding press conferences by the Imperial Family. It is exceedingly unusual -- if not
unheard of-- for one of the Japanese royals to call a press conference without first
receiving permission from the IHA. In fact, they rarely make any public remarks whatsoever
without the Agencys prior consent. They certainly dont make unapproved remarks
regarding their own life; such statements usually come from the IHA which prefers to limit
the announcements to the most impersonal of descriptions. And, at no point does the
Imperial Family make unvetted statements about such personal matters as deep emotional
anguish or the suppression of ones personality. Such things are not only a departure from IHA rules but they are also
a break from Japanese culture as a whole. Japan is a world where obliqueness is the rule
and emotions must be kept private. The concept of loss of face is still a
powerful factor in business and politics, and one risks losing face by being
emotional or too candid. In this world, you do not publicly discuss emotions,
let alone something as extreme as anguish; you definitely dont discuss
such private matters if youre a member of the Imperial Family. For Naruhito to have flouted all normal protocol,
gone behind the IHAs back and to have spoken so frankly to the media about private
matters was therefore indicative of how serious and desperate things had become for
Masako. Finally, the Princes statements were significant because he was
essentially making a public appeal for help. As a Japanese professor of communications has
explained, [t]he message was help us. He was talking about the princess
and the whole imperial family and the appeal was as a human being, not as a prince. It
would not be an exaggeration to say that it is crisis time inside the agency as this
appeal has to be the most shocking comment from the imperial family since the end of the
Second World War." http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/international.cfm?id=553232004 The public reacted quickly. Within
hours of the Crown Princes press conference, emails deluged the IHA website
expressing support for the Princess and, often, expressing huge criticism towards the
Agency. After just two days, there were close to 800 emails; by the end of the
controversy, those emails were said to number in the thousands. The IHA was clearly rattled by the Princes
statements and the publics reaction. Going
on the defensive for the first time, the IHA made a public statement just days after the
Crown Princes statement. Grand Master Hideki Hayashida, the
IHA official in charge of the princes household, said the IHA would look into the
situation and try to improve things in the future. Then, the head of the entire IHA, Grand
Steward Toshio Yuasa, stepped into the fray. Yuasa claimed that he didnt know what
was meant by moves to deny Princess Masako her character and personality, something I find
exceedingly hard to believe. For one thing, Yuasa was in charge of the IHA in 2002 when the Princess revealed how incredibly hard it had been to adjust to her new
life. Yuasa not only was aware of the
Princess feelings, he actually told a news conference, I never realized that
the princess felt so strongly about it. http://www.asahi.com/english/nation/TKY200405180221.html
The Grand Steward nonetheless pretended he had no idea of what the
Crown Prince was talking about. He said he
would try to meet with the Crown Prince upon his return in order to discover the meaning
but he added rather ominously in my opinion [i]f those comments were
directed at the agency, we have to think precisely about the contents of those
comments. Yuasa acknowledged that the
Emperor and Empress had voiced their concerns about the Princess state but concluded
that it would be difficult to plan for Masako's treatment because her problems were
not physical. Id. The Grand Stewards comments are exceedingly revealing in my
opinion, not only because of his position but also because of the nature of the IHA as a
whole. As noted earlier, the Japanese culture
fosters a coded form of communication and thats especially true of political figures
and bureaucratic agencies. The IHA is
extremely conservative and is not prone to making careless, unscripted statements. To the contrary, they carefully and deliberately
examine all possible interpretations before proceeding to comment on something as
important as the Imperial Family. Even then,
the IHA takes great pains not to discuss anything beyond such basic information as the
who, what, when aspects of a story; it certainly doesnt broadcast
intimate, personal details regarding the Imperial Family. For example, when the late
Emperor Hirohito was dying of pancreatic cancer, it merely claimed that he had a stomach
condition. All of a sudden, the head of this same agency bluntly and explicitly
announces that Masakos problems are not physical in nature. And if something
isnt physical, then the obvious conclusion is that its mental. For the Grand
Steward to suddenly imply that the Crown Princess is suffering from mental problems is
obviously no small matter. Its also a significant turn around from the IHAs
normally secretive discussions about the royals. The reason lies in the Grand
Stewards other significant statement: "If [the Princes] comments
were directed at the agency, we have to think precisely about the contents of those
comments. When you read those two statements together and put them in
the context of the IHAs power, its normally secretive nature, its preference for
avoiding any details about the royals personal lives, the coded language of Japanese
bureaucrats, and the fact that just days before the normally subservient royals had
launched a rare attack upon the Agency then the conclusion is unavoidable: the
Grand Steward was making a veiled threat. Quite
simply, back down or we will get really nasty towards Masako. My interpretation might seem over-reaching but the Crown Prince
apparently came to the same conclusions. The very next day, he issued a statement
expressly declared that his remarks were in no way directed to the present leadership of
the IHA or Yuasa. He went so far as to say
that he was not talking about anything which had happened since April 2001 when the Grand
Steward, the former vice Minister for Home Affairs, had been named to his post as head of
the IHA. Soon thereafter, the previously concerned Emperor and Empress
demanded that their son explain himself to the IHA. He did so, almost immediately upon his
return from his overseas trip. Although the media had hoped for another press conference
with the Crown Prince, one where hed give his explanation publicly, the IHA was not
going to risk another uncontrolled situation with the rebellious prince. Instead, it
imperiously announced that the Grand Steward would meet with him soon and then
announce what he was referring to. http://www.japantoday.com/e/?content=news&cat=1&id=299693 Soon thereafter, the Prince withdrew his attacks almost altogether.
In a statement released by the IHA, Naruhito stated that hed merely wanted the
public to understand the current situation. While he reiterated Masakos difficulty
in adjusting to life within the Imperial Family, he refused to point fingers at anyone in
particular: I don't think it would be beneficial to specify who was behind such
moves and so I want to refrain from elaborating on details here. (See http://tinyurl.com/57dkl for text of the Crown Princes
comments.) He went on to state his determination to see conditions around Masako improve,
not only for her to regain her health but also, so that she could fully utilize her career
and reflect a new era. The latter comments were probably a subtle warning to the IHA that
he was determined to see them loosen their grip on the Princess. With that, the Agency clamped down on all further information about
the couple. The one exception was its announcement in July that Masako was suffering from
adjustment disorder, a term which essentially means culture shock. In Or
was there a more nefarious reason for the IHAs sudden chattiness? The same month as
the IHA made its unusual announcement, suggestions of divorce were leaked from
the IHA to the Japanese press. Hello!
magazine described the situation as follows: Longtime royal watcher Toshiaki Kawahara claimed that a palace source had
suggested to him that Prince Naruhito should divorce the commoner-turned-princess. "Among
people connected to the royal family there are some who have told me their opinion that
Crown Princess Masako may not be appropriate as a future empress," royal watcher
Toshiyaki Kawahada is quoted as saying. "If this illness goes on for the next five or
ten years, public criticism could arise, continues the comment, so before
then, these people suggest, it would be better for the crown prince to divorce." http://www.hellomagazine.com/royalty/2004/07/19/japanroyals/ If the IHA was hoping for a divorce, they must
have thought that an announcement about Masakos mental condition --- replete with
talk of pills and doctors --- could only help their cause. After all, Either way, I firmly believe that the IHA intentionally tried to create the impression of a mentally disturbed woman in order to strengthen their case against the Princess. What I dont believe is that the IHA was willing to wait 5 or 10 years before something drastic happened. In fact, they probably thought they had no time to lose because, earlier this year, the Emperor was diagnosed with prostate cancer. The law prohibits an emperor from divorcing his wife; it does not, however, prevent a crown prince from doing so. http://tinyurl.com/3vj85 If the Emperor dies before the Crown Prince divorces, then the possibility of divorce (and thus, remarriage) is gone forever. The IHAs hopes soundly ignores the basic laws of genetics. The gender of a child is determined by the man, not the woman. Thus, the Crown Prince could have a hundred wives but, if his sperm only carries the X chromosome, then all his children would be female. Even if remarriage increased the odds for a
possible male heir, the fact remains that divorce flies in the face of imperial tradition. There has been only one
case of divorce in the entire history of the Imperial Family and that was just a minor
relative of the Emperor, Prince Kitashirakawa, who obtained a divorce over a hundred years
ago. http://tinyurl.com/3vj85 If no heir to the
Chrysanthemum Throne has gotten a divorce in over 2,500 years, I doubt things are going to
change now. Not with this Prince. The IHA may be powerful but the prince is simply too
much in love with his wife to bow down to bureaucratic pressure and discard her like a
soiled tissue. Furthermore, the
Crown Princess herself is unlikely to agree to a divorce. The simple reason is that Masako
probably wouldnt be given much access to Princess Aiko. If Masako had to receive IHA
permission before seeing her parents (and, even then, it was infrequent), its
unlikely that the IHA would permit her to have regular visits with her daughter. And
its almost certain that the IHA would never permit Masako to have sole custody, even
if she agreed to stay in the country. There is a
solution to the entire mess and, at first glance, it seems like an easy one. The answer is
to revise the Constitution to permit Princess Aiko to rule in her own right. The government is already looking into that
possibility. A parliamentary committee is expected to report next year on the succession
law and its Chairman has said that the group is probably going to recommend a female
Empress. Another member of the panel believes there is sufficient support in the
parliament to act on the proposal and amend the Constitution. Unfortunately,
like most things concerning the Imperial Family, its not that easy. For one thing,
gender equality is deeply troubling to the influential rightists who really control the
country. http://tinyurl.com/6woem The conservative Shukan Bunshun, a leading weekly news
magazine, quoted imperial household watchers as saying a gender-blind accession law would
pose a risk to the continuation of the monarchy. It
quoted one unnamed source as saying: "When an empress has to marry, the choice of a
husband becomes too delicate a problem. As a male, his influence on the imperial line can
be too powerful and thus pose a challenge to the hereditary importance of the
lineage." Medieval and misogynistic perceptions about women
aside, there are also some very
serious -- and very real -- practical problems: For example, women in the imperial family currently cease to be royals
upon marriage, thus keeping the family small. But if the law is changed to give imperial
daughters equal status, there would be rapid growth in the number of imperial houses, each
entitled to official residences and stipends. The tax burden would balloon. The problem
that causes the most concern is the distant but inevitable need to find a suitable consort
for an Empress Aiko. The difficulties are likely to surpass even those faced by European
royals. For one thing, Japan has no titled aristocracy to provide a pool of candidates.
Also, a husband would have to be strictly apolitical and uncontroversial to fit the
imperial role. A foreign royal might be the ideal choice, but Japan is as yet unlikely to
accept the idea of a mixed-blood monarch. [Yet, without] a royal son, the only options
would be to re-ennoble old branches of the family to make them eligible to succeed or for
the family to adopt a distant cousin. Such solutions are thought to be unacceptable to the
public and so controversial that ultraconservatives who might favor them do not air them. Ultimately, none of these factors are as troubling for the IHA as the possibility that
discussions regarding the future of the monarchy will lead people to question why it
should exist in the first place. Constitutional changes to permit a female empress may
thus trigger dangerous public debate about the need for a monarchy, particularly this
monarchy which has few duties and even less power. And if one is to change the
Constitution, why not do so to completely eradicate the Imperial Family? That line of
reasoning may be the very thing that the IHA fears most. The IHAs fear is not completely irrational. According to a 2003 book, Iyashi no Nationalism (Healing
Nationalism), young people who think of themselves as conservative have
little interest in the Imperial family. They believe in Given the large financial cost of maintaining the
IHA, the IHA may also be concerned about losing its job and the reason for its very
existence. Given If the royals duties were substantial or if
they brought in considerable tourist revenues like the British royals, then perhaps their
existence would not seem to be so fragile. As it stands, however, they seem to have no
significant purpose or role, particularly in modern Thus, the breed or die panic emanating from the IHA has its roots in a very real threat, the deliberate end of the monarchy as a whole. Seen in that light, the IHAs approach towards Princess Masako and the succession are quite logical. Twisted and callous, but inherently logical. After all, the IHA believes it has been entrusted with the protection of a 2,500 year monarchy, a duty which it does not take lightly, no matter how many victims it leaves in its wake. What the future holds for the Crown Princess and her family is anybodys guess. Given Masakos incredible popularity with the people, perhaps conservatives will risk changing the monarchy. Then again, reform and systemic change are not a big part of Japanese politics, especially when the Imperial Family is involved. For Masakos sake, I hope Im proven wrong.
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